As a pivotal instrument and pathway for territorial spatial governance in the new era, whole-region comprehensive land consolidation plays a critical role in promoting high-quality urban-rural integration and deepening the reform of ecological civilization institutions. Analyzing the governance mechanisms of “why it is effective” and “how to optimize it” is crucial for advancing these objectives. Based on symbiosis theory, this study constructs a three-dimensional analytical framework encompassing symbiotic units, symbiotic environment and symbiotic mode, and conducts both explanatory and exploratory research with Shanghai as a case. The findings demonstrate that symbiosis theory provides a relatively robust and systematic paradigm for analyzing governance mechanisms in whole-region comprehensive land consolidation, while offering replicable policy instruments. In Shanghai, unified countryside-unit village planning and deliberative cooperative governance have effectively forged consensus among stakeholders and strengthened mutual trust among symbiotic units. Building on this foundation, innovative policy instruments have created a harmonious symbiotic environment, thereby incentivizing broader participation in reciprocal symbiotic behaviors, fostering networked collaboration among symbiotic organizations, and ultimately ensuring the sustainability of governance outcomes. This study further reveals the intrinsic consistency between Shanghai's practices and the philosophy of green development. Accordingly, it proposes an optimization pathway toward “green symbiosis”, including refining top-level design to build consensus on green development, advancing the mainstreaming and greening of policy innovations, prioritizing nature-based consolidation practices while balancing action priorities, and enhancing inter-regional synergy and adaptive management.

This paper aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the implementation of the diagnosis related groups (DRG) payment reform in Hospital A and analyze it from the perspective of multiple economic groups. The study constructs a multi-dimensional evaluation model that covers five aspects, namely, the use of medical insurance funds, the social benefits of hospitals, the efficiency of medical services, the quality of medical services, and the burden of patient treatment. By employing the double machine learning (DML) method, the study controls for confounding factors in high-dimensional data and complex models to more accurately estimate the causal effects of the DRG payment reform. The findings indicate that the DRG payment reform significantly improved the degree of medical reform implementation, especially among the employed workforce group. Additionally, the study conducted robustness tests, including parallel trend tests, placebo tests, and model re-specification, to ensure the reliability of the research results. Finally, the paper proposes targeted policy recommendations, such as developing differentiated DRG payment strategies, to promote the in-depth implementation of the DRG payment reform.

Promoting the party and business integration is the only way for state-owned enterprises to deepen reform and achieve high-quality development. However, the disconnect between the party and business operation persists in state-owned enterprises. Existing research has neither revealed their integration process, nor extracted and summarized the integration paths and models. Based on the case analysis of two large central state-owned enterprises, Group A and Group B, this paper introduces the bidirectional embedding theory to discuss the motivation, paths, and effects of the party and business integration, and constructs a mechanism model of bidirectional embedding integration between the party and business operation. The study finds that although the initial motivation for the integration mainly comes from external rigid requirements, this process gradually cultivates internal motivation. From the perspective of integration paths, the dual-embedding paths can be divided into four categories, that is, political embedding as the premise, structural embedding as the foundation, cultural embedding as the key, and cognitive embedding as the focus. The embedding process evolves through rigid embedding, reverse embedding, and flexible embedding. This study can help to enrich theoretical research on the party and business integration, and can provide practical guidance for its implementation in state-owned enterprises.

Intelligent equipment manufacturing enterprises have developed rapidly in recent years, occupying the core position of manufacturing industry. With high industrial relevance and technological contents, such enterprises are an important bridge to change the overall manufacturing industry using digital technology. In the current era of increasingly progressive digital development, this paper anchors the research object based on digitalization drive, explores the service-oriented manufacturing transformation path of intelligent equipment enterprises under digitalization drive, and provides guidance for the high-quality development of manufacturing industry. We use the single case study method to conduct multiple visits and in-depth research on the typical intelligent equipment manufacturing enterprise Z, to abstract the core dynamic capabilities of its service-oriented transformation and its role in the mechanism. The research conclusions are as follows: (1) the dynamic capabilities of digitalization to successfully drive the transformation of the enterprise's service-oriented manufacturing include four dimensions, namely, the digitalization-driven service-oriented manufacturing perception ability, supply chain synergy ability, change and radiation capability. (2) perception capability is a prerequisite for the service-oriented manufacturing transformation, supply chain synergy capability is an important grip for the transformation, change capability is a specific process in the transformation, and radiation capability is the ultimate goal of the transformation. (3) beyond the traditional three-dimensional dynamic capability, a new fourth dimension, radiation capability, is identified. It can play a leverage role in the upstream and downstream of the transformed enterprise as well as broader traditional manufacturing enterprises, serving as an essential capability for fostering a virtuous cycle within the service-oriented manufacturing ecosystem. (4) the four-dimensional dynamic capabilities are interdependent and interact with one another, presenting the dynamic characteristics of cyclic evolution to support the construction of a robust service-oriented manufacturing ecosystem.

This study focuses on the sustainable integration mechanism of market logic and common prosperity logic of private enterprises under the socialist market economy system with Chinese characteristics. It integrates the perspectives of organizational identity hybridity and practical coupling, takes the development process of Sunny Optical Technology (Group) Company Limited from 1984 to 2020 as the research sample, and adopts a longitudinal single-case analysis. The study finds that the founders'dual identity recognition acts as a higher-order cognitive guardrail for private enterprises to hybridize market logic and common prosperity logic. Driven by this, the firm constructs a hybrid organizational identity with “co-creation” as its core value, achieving the hybridization of the two logics at the value goal level, and further accomplishes practical coupling through governance structure coupling, two-way integration of human resources, and continuous business upgrading.Furthermore, the interaction between identity guidance and practice correction aligns value goals, value distribution, and value creation, thereby sustaining the hybridization of market logic and common prosperity logic. The research findings enrich the studies of institutional logics and hybrid organizations from the perspective of common prosperity logic, and provide a new theoretical explanation for understanding the sustainable growth of private enterprises in China.

Amidst the rapid expansion of online education platforms, key challenges in compliance, competition, and sustainable development have made platform governance a critical issue. Existing research, however, remains largely static and insufficiently examines the evolutionary stages and underlying dynamics of their governance mechanisms. This study addresses this gap by investigating the dynamic governance mechanisms of online education platforms through a case study of Zuoyebang. Drawing on ecological niche theories, we develop an analytical framework integrating “situation—means—effectiveness” to systematically examine governance motivations, strategies, and outcomes of platforms across different development stages. Using multi-source data and grounded coding, we analyze the internal and external contexts Zuoyebang encountered during its exploration, growth, and transition stages, along with the corresponding governance measures adopted, such as resource governance, brand governance, and compliance governance. Governance effectiveness is evaluated through the dimensions of “niche-ecostate” “niche-ecorole” and “niche-fitness”. Findings reveal that in the exploration stage, the platform expanded its scale and enhanced niche-ecostate through resource governance. In the growth stage, brand governance strengthened its influence and niche-ecorole. In the transition stage, compliance governance optimized the business structure and improved its niche-fitness. These three stages form an interconnected dynamic cycle of “context driven—governance response—niche optimization”. This research deepens the cross-application of platform governance and niche theory in dynamic evolution contexts. Practically, it offers a structured reference for phased governance in online education and other multi-sided platforms, supporting sustainable industrial development and healthier ecosystem evolution.

How to maintain sustainable development for enterprises in highly uncertain environments has become an increasingly important academic issue. Organizational improvisation serves as one of the solutions to this problem. However, existing studies have not adequately explained the emergence process of organizational improvisation in enterprises, and lack in-depth exploration of its implementation mechanism. Following the research logic of “triggering conditions—occurrence conditions—behavior generation and feedback”, this paper takes the ESG project development process of Lenovo as a case, and conducts a qualitative analysis based on grounded theory. It attempts to open the “black box” of the organizational improvisation implementation mechanism, explore its process logic, and construct a model of the organizational improvisation implementation mechanism. The study finds that, when confronted with inexperienced, unexpected situations that require rapid action, the organizational improvisation implementation mechanism is a process in which organizations create new value through dynamically iterative innovative resource actions driven by the organizational system. The realization of organizational improvisation requires two internal changes: first, building an organizational system that supports enterprise improvisation; second, driving the organization to carry out resource actions based on such system. Effect feedback plays a vital role in the continuous realization of organizational improvisational behavior. Furthermore, the innovation system can reversely feedback and optimize the organizational system, so as to ensure the sustainability of value creation. The findings provide theoretical references and practical implications for enterprises to conduct improvisational practices and achieve sustainable development in uncertain environments.

New energy vehicles represent a typical example of the integration between digital economy and real economy. Leveraging digital technology to promote collaborative innovation among multiple agents and thereby form competitive advantages is a significant strategic challenge for new energy vehicle enterprises in digital economy. From a coupling perspective, this study conducts a case analysis of two new energy vehicle manufacturers, BYD and XPeng Motors, to explore the process mechanism of multi-agent innovation driven by digital technology. The findings indicate that: Firstly, the context of industrial transformation drives relevant innovation agents to form three types of interactive relationships through digital coupling channels, namely, complementary coupling, breakthrough coupling, and mutual assistance coupling. Secondly, based on differentiated combinations of coupling relationships, two types of multi-agent coupling mechanisms centered on new energy vehicle manufacturers are established, that is, the digital platform-driven coupling mechanism and the digital middle platform-driven coupling mechanism. This study provides insights into the research on multi-agent behavior in digital innovation and offers theoretical references for Chinese new energy vehicle manufacturers to utilize digital technology to promote multi-agent innovation.

Promoting the sustainable growth of family farms is a crucial measure to address the insufficient endogenous driving force of economic growth in rural areas, build a modern and distinctive rural industrial system, and promote common prosperity among farmers and rural communities. Drawing on the cognitive evaluation theory, this study selects four typical family farm entrepreneurship cases in Hunan Province to examine the internal mechanisms by which farmers' entrepreneurial call continuously enhances the entrepreneurial performance of family farms. The findings reveal that farm owners with an entrepreneurial call can stimulate family farm vitality through imitative opportunities, improvement opportunities and innovative opportunities. In the incubation stage, a passion for agriculture and the need for achievement prompt farm owners to identify imitative opportunities, enabling them to leverage existing market “end—means” relationships to achieve economic and social performance for family farms. In the survival adjustment stage, perseverance and entrepreneurial immersion aid farm owners in recognizing improvement opportunities, allowing them to enhance entrepreneurial performance by adjusting technology, product, or service elements within existing “end—means” combinations. In the growth exploration stage, professional identity and entrepreneurial mission encourage farm owners to identify innovative opportunities, empowering them to creatively combine resources to establish new “end—means” relationships and ultimately achieve a comprehensive upgrade in entrepreneurial performance. The study elucidates the mechanism by which entrepreneurial opportunity identification driven by entrepreneurial call promotes an increase in entrepreneurial performance and expands research on rural entrepreneurship. It provides theoretical support and practical insights for achieving high-quality development of family farms and boosting the momentum for comprehensive rural revitalization.

In the context of the digital economy, prosumers—who simultaneously embody consumer and producer roles—can profoundly shape platform brand development through their collective aggregation. However, existing research pays limited attention to these groups, making it difficult to explain the underlying mechanisms through which they drive platform brand value enhancement. Based on four representative case events, this study finds that: First, prosumer empowerment of platform brands unfolds through a process of “prosumer opinion aggregation—platform brand capability enhancement—platform brand performance improvement”. Second, influenced by the dual roles of prosumers, empowerment actions exhibit an interest-oriented logic when prosumers lean toward the producer role, and a value-oriented logic when they lean toward the consumer role. On this basis, based on the differences in prosumers' asset engagement modes and participation motivations, four empowerment contexts are formed, namely, the adaptive, inclusive, constraining, and reciprocal types. Third, platform brands achieve capability integration and upgrading through prosumer-led empowerment. This study not only enriches the literature on empowerment mechanisms and platform brand theory, but also offers practical implications for firms seeking to effectively leverage prosumer power and strengthen brand competitiveness.

This paper provides a comprehensive review of the existing literature on employee stock ownership plans (ESOP) both domestically and internationally, summarizes four theoretical hypotheses, and compares the differences in ESOP systems between China and other mature markets. Drawing on an in-depth case study of Kangdexin Composite Materials Group (KDX), the research finds that there are certain deficiencies in China's ESOP systems, which leads to the ESOP being used as a tool for anti-takeover or protecting the management and controlling shareholders' entrenched positions. “Devil's contracts” are embedded in the ESOP, and the ESOP becomes a tool to entice and coerce key employees, allowing the management or controlling shareholders to manipulate profits, plunder wealth, and embezzle wealth of the listed company. This paper discovers the economic consequences of ESOP as “devil's contracts”, such as profit manipulation, insider trading, and a wave of employee resignations. Finally, the paper proposes suggestions for improving the ESOP system.

The integration of business and finance is an important way to promote the lean management of traditional printing enterprises, break organizational barriers, optimize resource allocation, and recreate enterprise values. New printing industry models based on digital and intelligent technologies are accelerating industrial transformation and bringing significant opportunities for the industry to achieve comprehensive integration of business and finance, empowerment and upgrading. Based on the grounded theory for the localized process, focusing on the key paths and mechanisms of digital intelligence empowered business and finance integration, a longitudinal single-case study of the benchmark enterprise Guangdong Xingyi was conducted to construct a theoretical model of pressure driven - capability foundation - mechanism operation - value creation. The research shows: (1) market pressure, policy guidance and technological change constitute the core driving force for the transformation and upgrading of traditional printing enterprises. (2) enterprises need to strengthen basic construction such as organizational construction, technological investment and talent incubation, and transform internal conditions into transformational momentum. (3) through the three-way collaboration of “reconstructing organizational rules to break departmental barriers, upgrading the financial ecosystem to cultivate digital and intelligent capabilities and connecting platforms to deepen the data link”, the process of digital and intelligent empowerment of business and finance integration in traditional printing enterprises can be promoted. (4) under the drive of the collaborative mechanism, the integration of business and finance of traditional printing enterprises will evolve towards interconnection, streamlined operations and ecosystem operations, ultimately reshaping the value chain. The research addresses the impact mechanism of promoting the integration of business and finance in traditional printing enterprises in the digital era, and hopes to provide a theoretical framework and implementation path reference for accelerating the digital transformation of the integration in traditional manufacturing.